[Comparing the effect of three self-etching bondings on human dentin shear bond strength and micro leakage]

Microleakage and shear bond strength in composite restorations are the most problematic challenges to days. There is disagreement about bond strength in the literature. On that basis this invitro study was designed to evaluate micro leakage and shear bond strength of three bondings, Adhese, Prompt L-pop, clearfil SE bond, in composite cavities. This experimental study was performed on 60 freshly extracted non carious human premolars. 30 samples were used to test microleakage and 30 for shear bond strength. Class V cavities were prepared in buccal surface of 30teeth with dimensions of 2x2x3 mm so that the gingival margins located 1 mm below the CEJ and occlusal enamel margins beveled to 0.5 mm. Samples were randomly divided in to 3 groups of 10 teeth each; group A: Clear fill SEbond, Group B: Prompt L pop, Group C: AdheSE. Cavities were then filled with Z100 [3M, ESPE, USA]. 30 other samples were grounded up to 1mm below the central groove to expose fresh dentin, then composite tubes were bonded to dentin according to bonding strategy of the group. Shear bond strength was evaluated with Zwick [Roel, Germany] testing machine and microleakage with stereomicroscope. Microleakage was recorded and Kruskal-Wallis analysis was performed followed by Mann-U-Whitney tests. Statistical differences in shear bond strength of tested bondings were determined by ANOVA followed by Tukey test. There was a significant difference in regard to micro leakage between the studied groups [p<0.005] with the minimum leakage in SE bond group [1 +/- 0/75] and the maximum in Prompt-L-pop group [2/15 +/- 1/15]. Shear bond strength analysis revealed statistical significant differences between Group A and the 2 others with the superiority of Group A [p<0.001]. With the limitation of this in vitro study we concluded that :Among 3 self etching dentin bonding agents used in this study Clear fill SE bond showed the highest level of shear bond strength and Among 3 self etching dentin bonding agents used in this study Clear fill SE bond showed the least micro leakage

[Evaluation of suture removal time and wound healing after third molar surgery]

Suture removal time is one of the most controversial issues after third molar surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate wound healings in relation with suture removal time after 5, 8, and 10 days following the third molar surgery. This clinical trial study with double blind method was conducted on 90 patients in need of third molar surgery. Patients were non-smokers and had no history of known systemic diseases. Sex and age range were similar in all study groups. The same suturing material as well as post surgery medications were used for all participants. Patients were then divided into 3 groups in order to have their suture removal at 5[th] [group A], 8[th] [group B], and 10[th] [group C] day following the surgery. Statistical analysis was conducted and Kruskal-Wallis and chi [2] tests were used for analyzing group differences and significance level by evaluating wound tension, wound healing and inflammation status. Group A, was almost without wound tension or had just a negligible amount of tension. Group B had 33% and group C had 17% of this condition [P<0.01]. Moderate to severe inflammation was measured 70% in group A, 23.3% in group B and 20% in group C [P<0.001]. Wound healing was 83% in group A, 17% in group B and 10% in group C [P<0.001] .Amount of tension in suture was 13.3% in group A, 70% in group B and 86.7% in group C [P<0.001]. Based on the results of this study, it seems that time factor plays an important role in wound healing. This is true as long as the suture tension is not reduced. Therefore, 8 days after the surgery is the best time for sutures removal

Effect of sorbitol jelly jam on glycemic index of diabetes type II patients

Diabetic mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder. Intake of glucose or any disaccharides containing glucose is prohibited in these patients. In this study changes in blood glucose of diabetic patients were determined after eating jelly jams with sorbitol as the sweetener and white bread as a reference. A total of 30 diabetes type II patients were studied and the effects of the jams on their blood glucose levels were evaluated. To determine the glycemic index of these jams, we used white bread as the reference and blood glucose levels were measured after eating each of them at different time intervals of 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 minutes. Increased values for white bread compared to fructose jam at 120, 90, 60, and 45 minutes were as follows: 36/6% [P < 0.001], 50/6% [P < 0.001], 37/4% [P < 0.02], and 21/7% [P < 0.02], respectively. Blood glucose response evaluation in patients showed that glycemic index of white bread and sorbitol jam was 100 and 27/9 respectively. According to the results of our study, the glycemic index of this kind of jams is low and considering the positive clinical effects of the foods with low glycemic index, using this kind of jams in the diet of diabetic patients is recommended

[Diagnosis of rotavirus and adenovirus type 40/41 in children with acute diarrhea by immunochromatography in Mofid Children Hospital]

Acute diarrhea is one of the leading causes of worldwide mortality and morbidity; four millions annual deaths. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of rotavirus and adenovirus among children with acute diarrhea and to evaluate their clinical and laboratory findings. 199 children aged 1 to 168 months with acute diarrhea were studied in "Mofid" Children Hospital for a one year period. Clinical and laboratory findings including stool culture and WBC and RBC counts in their stool samples were analyzed. From 199 children with diarrhea, 14 cases [7%] were positive for viruses; 11 [5.5%] rotaviruses and 3[1.5%] adenoviruses. In Rotavirus and adenovirus, male to female ratio were 1.2/1 and 2/1, and the mean age were 40.8 and 20.4 months, respectively. Clinical findings comprised frequency, dehydration, fever, vomiting and watery diarrhea. Stool culture was negative and no RBC and WBC were detected. High prevalence of rotavirus and adenovirus in former studies and low prevalence of rotavirus in this study seems to be caused by the diagnostic method we used. Since a fast laboratory process is necessary for immunochromatography, other methods as EIA and PCR are recommended

Assessment research performance and educational research needs of Iran's Dental schools-2004

Compared to the information about educational responsibilities, there is not much information about the research skills and activities of the academics in dental schools. The aim of this study was to evaluate the research performance of the academic staff of the dental schools and their educational needs to promote their research skills. This cross-sectional study was done by mailing a questionnaire to all of the members of Iran dental faculties. The questionnaires contained personal information like age, sex, place of employment, educational records, and additional questions like the workshops previously attended, and interests to attend certain workshops. To evaluate the research performance of the academic staff, the number of accomplished researches, the articles published in known national and international journals, their skills in using internet, and the number of attended workshops about research methodology were included in the questionnaire. The completed questionnaires were gathered and evaluated by descriptive statistics. From the questionnaires gathered, 436 were eligible to be included in the study, which formed 58% of the academic staff of dental schools. The results showed that 7.4% of the staff had more than 10 researches conducted, 15% had 5-10, 49.9% had less than 5, and 27.7 had no researches done. Considering the articles published in known national journals, 28.2% had no papers, 51.8% had 1-5 papers, and 20% had more than 5 papers. Regarding the number of articles published in known international journals, 77.5% had no papers, and 20.2% had 1-3, and 2.3% and more than 3 papers. The "preliminary research methods" workshop had the highest percent of participation [71.6%], and "Stata acquaintance" workshop had the least [0.7%]. The participants were mainly interested to participate in three workshops, "English scientific writing" [26.3%], "principles of scientific writing" [17.5%], and preparing research proposals" [16.2%], respectively. We concluded that the research skills and performance of the academic staff, though improved in the recent years, is still unsatisfying. In order to promote it, it is recommended to organize workshops about "research methodology", "scientific writing" and "preparing of proposals"